健康教育在白血病护理中的应用效果

目的评价血液科白血病疾病护理中应用健康教育的临床效果,为白血病护理工作提供参考。方法选择医院收治的白血病患者,总计60例。进行白血病患者随机分组护理,对照组与试验组各30例白血病患者,分别采取常规护理和常规护理+健康教育,比较2组白血病患者的负性情绪、自我效能状况评分以及护理满意度、护理依从率。结果试验组白血病患者干预后SAS、SDS、GSES评分均明显优于对照组,护理满意度与护理依从率均明显高于对照组,指标差异具有统计学意义,P>0.05。结论血液科白血病治疗期间配合落实常规护理、健康教育可以在提高患者自我效能的同时提高患者的依从性,符合患者身心护理需求,整体护理效果显著。     

Validation d’une version française du 16-items Prodromal Questionnaire (fPQ16) chez des adolescents et jeunes adultes consultant en psychiatrie

IntroductionThe duration of untreated psychosis has been largely associated with poor outcomes in psychosis. Actual diagnostic tools may be used by very specialized teams and need sustained evaluation. We present a French version of a self-report questionnaire: the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire (fPQ16). Our objective was to evaluate its predictive value for an ultra-high-risk state (UHR) or psychosis. The population enrolled was consulting in a young adults and adolescents center in Sainte-Anne hospital, Paris, France.MethodsPQ16 had first been translated into French and independently back translated and validated by the original authors. Between November 2016 and May 2018, every C’JAAD consulting patient was proposed to fill in the fPQ16. Each patient was next evaluated with the French version of the comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental state (CAARMS), which detects UHR or psychosis. Statistical analysis of fPQ16 concurrent validity was performed using ROC curves. fPQ16 acceptability was studied by four additional questions especially designed for that purpose.ResultsOne hundred participants were included. Mean age was 19.85 years (SD 3.3 y). Fifty-eight percent of patients included were diagnosed with UHR (40%) or psychotic (18%) state after CAARMS evaluation. Mean score at fPQ16 was 5.7 (SD 3.8). Best cut-off score was 4 positive items, with excellent sensibility (91%) and correct specificity (60%). Positive predictive value of fPQ16 was 76%. Area under the curve was 0.85 (P < 0.0001). fPQ16 showed good acceptability.DiscussionfPQ16 had good screening performances in our population. Cut-off score was lower than in previous studies, but performances were equal or better. As a well-accepted and short questionnaire, the fPQ16 could be a great screening tool in primary care. A version with 18-items, including two items focused on thought content and disorganization that are missing in PQ16, is under evaluation.     

基于共享决策的医护-家属联动干预对胃癌患者的影响

目的:探讨基于共享决策的医护-家属联动干预对胃癌患者的影响。方法:选择2017年1月1日~2020年1月31日在胃肠外科治疗的胃癌患者106例,采用随机信封法分为观察组58例和对照组48例;对照组实施常规营养支持与护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于共享决策的医护-家属联动干预模式;比较两组干预前后治疗依从性,心理状态[采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)],恢复时间,各项营养指标变化[包括人血白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PRE)、转铁蛋白(TRF)]及并发症发生情况。结果:干预后,两组治疗依从性均高于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,两组SAS、SDS评分均低于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组肛门排气时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间、下床活动时间及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05);出院后,两组ALB、PRE、TRF水平均高于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:将基于共享决策的医护-家属联动干预模式应用于胃癌患者的护理中,能提高患者治疗依从性,缓解焦虑、抑郁情绪,改善营养指标水平,降低并发症发生率,对促进患者恢复具有重要意义。     

Percepciones de las enfermeras sobre el apoyo de los compañeros de trabajo en el lugar de trabajo: investigación cualitativa

ObjectiveAlthough the psychological factors of the work environment affect the quality of employees’ performance more than physical factors, they have not been broadly explained yet. This study is conducted to explore nurses’ perceptions of the co-worker support as psychological resource in the workplace.MethodThe present study is a qualitative research. Fourteen staff nurses who were working in hospitals affiliated to the Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Iran were selected based on purposeful sampling and interviewed using un-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach through constant comparative method.ResultsData analysis revealed four major themes with 11 sub themes. The four major themes include ‘emotional support’, ‘effective working relationship and collaboration’, ‘suitable social relationships’, and ‘guidance and teaching’.ConclusionThe results showed that, nurses had a positive perception of their colleagues’ support in the workplace. Co-worker support is a multidimensional phenomenon and is influenced by various factors. Perceiving support from the colleague and having a sense of support can promote the quality of care and increase dealing with stressful situations in nursing. Therefore, communication and flexibility skills should be taught to both staff and managers in this regard.     

问题导向干预对卵巢癌患者应对方式及心理弹性的影响

目的探讨问题导向干预对卵巢癌患者应对方式及心理弹性的影响。方法选取96例卵巢癌患者,随机分为两组各48例,对照组行常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上行问题导向护理干预,比较两组的应对方式和心理弹性。结果干预后,观察组的面对评分显著高于对照组,屈服和回避评分显著低于对照组,心理弹性各项目评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论问题导向干预能有效缓解卵巢癌患者的负面情绪,增加积极应对方式,提升心理弹性,促进患者转归。     

PROMs in post-mastectomy care: Patient self-reports (BREAST-Q™) as a powerful instrument to personalize medical services

One of the goals of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is to satisfy the patient's outcome. Recent studies therefore tended to focus on the patient's perception of the care and on the impact on quality of life using patients-reported-outcome-measures (PROMs), able to measure the health status directly without the clinician's interposition.We present a preliminary prospective study on 333 patients who underwent mastectomy with IBR in a two-year period, in a single Italian centre, using a dedicated PROMs, the BREAST-Q™, to determine the patient's satisfaction.We studied two groups of IBR: Group A (two-step with tissue-expander) and Group B (one-step: prosthesis/mesh) and conducted a pre- and post-operative comparison for each group to evaluate score-gain over time, and a group-score comparison to determine whether differences were significant between reconstruction types.Two-hundred-and-nine were actually enrolled and 132 completed all the questionnaires. The response rate was 62.8% and the compliance rate (completion of all the questionnaires) was 63.1%. In both groups all the analyzed domains worsened comparing the pre and post-operative period; the differences were statistically significant only for physical and sexual-wellbeing. In the comparison between the two groups, none of the detected differences reached the statistical significance.According to our experience, we can state that PROMs could improve the health concept redefining the variables to be monitored even if data is still insufficient to draw any definitive conclusion. PROMs can help surgeons and patients decide the most appropriate surgery for a particular patient-profile and to identify those who require further support.     

药物联合心理剧治疗对女性抑郁症患者抑郁、自尊、心理资本的影响

目的 探索药物联合心理剧治疗对女性抑郁症患者抑郁情绪、自尊、心理资本的影响，为女性抑郁症的临床治疗提供更多可能性。方法 纳入在重庆医科大学附属第一医院精神科就诊的、符合《国际疾病分类（第10版）》（ICD-10）诊断标准的女性抑郁症患者共50例，采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各25例。在一线抗抑郁药物治疗的基础上，对观察组予以每两月一次、每次四天，共三次易术心理剧治疗，对照组接受一般健康教育。于干预前和干预6个月结束时采用贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、自尊量表（SES）及积极心理资本问卷（PPQ）对两组患者进行评定。结果 ①重复测量方差分析结果显示，抑郁情绪、自尊、心理资本及其各维度在时间测量与分组干预交互作用方面具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。②简单效应分析结果显示，干预前，观察组及对照组在抑郁情绪、自尊、心理资本及其各维度评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；干预6个月后，两组患者抑郁情绪、自尊、心理资本及其各维度评分差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 抗抑郁药物联合心理剧治疗可能有助于改善女性抑郁症患者抑郁情绪、自尊及心理资本，且其效果较抗抑郁药物联合一般健康教育更好。     

新冠肺炎疫情下失眠人群心理特征及失眠的相关因素

目的 调查新冠肺炎疫情下失眠人群的心理特征及失眠的相关因素，为改善失眠人群心理健康状况提供参考。方法 采用阿森斯失眠量表（AIS）于2020年1月-3月对某市居民进行测评，AIS评分>6分者为失眠组（n=216），AIS评分<4分者为非失眠组（n=105），采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对两组居民进行评定，并收集其社会人口学资料。结果 失眠组SCL-90的躯体化、人际关系敏感、敌对、恐怖及精神病性因子评分均高于非失眠组（Z=2.035~2.323，P均<0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示，失眠组AIS总评分与SCL-90的强迫症状、人际关系敏感及偏执因子评分均呈正相关（r=0.153、0.140、0.159，P均<0.05）。结论 新冠肺炎疫情下，失眠人群存在躯体化、人际关系敏感、敌对、恐怖及精神病性等心理问题，其失眠的严重程度与强迫、人际关系敏感及偏执等相关。